Define “Fair”

Some think the mortgage interest deduction from our income taxes is unfair. After all, says one such,

I can easily construct a situation in which a taxpayer essentially enjoys no [mortgage related] tax benefits whatsoever. How about the single individual or possibly a married couple without children, who make just enough to make ends meet but still cannot save to buy a house? Or possibly, they prefer renting to the onerous commitment of home ownership. There doesn’t appear to be any tax breaks for them.

Although this person offers no definition of “fair” whatsoever, she seems to think that “fair” means everyone gets the same benefit, even though by her own construction, they’re not in the same situation as those who’ve “earned” that benefit. Because, equal outcomes.

One gets this grade on an assignment, another gets that grade, that’s unfair? One gets a first place prize in a contest and another doesn’t, that’s unfair? One earns more money than another, that’s unfair? One has a more fortunate endowment of work ethic, talent, luck, than another, that’s unfair? One made better use of his equal opportunity and so becomes better off than another, that’s unfair? How, exactly?

Of course, this particular question easily could be begged with a proper reform of our tax code, a reform that brings us to a single flat rate with no deductions, credits, etc. What is truly unfair is using our tax code for social and economic engineering and thereby picking winners and losers by government fiat rather than by actual performance and merit.

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Keep in mind that the sole purpose of taxes under our Constitution is to fund the government, not to control how free men interact with each other in a free market, not to say, “This is a worthy enterprise, but that is not.”

“Inversions”

US corporate income is taxed at the highest rate in the world. “Inversion” is the process of American companies packing up, usually through merger with foreign entities, and reincorporating (if not physically relocating) in a foreign country in order to avoid US corporate income taxes.

Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew wants the inversions stopped. Writing to the Senate and House tax-writing committees, he said he said those two bodies “should enact legislation immediately…to shut down this abuse of our tax system.”

His letter went on:

What we need as a nation is a new sense of economic patriotism, where we all rise or fall together. We should not be providing support for corporations that seek to shift their profits overseas to avoid paying their fair share of taxes.

Prior to that,

the Obama administration in its budget…proposed tightening the rules to substantially limit inversions.

Of course, it’s utterly inconceivable to this administration that the abuse is our tax system itself. It’s utterly inconceivable to this administration that what is patriotic is lowering tax rates.

More fully, and contrary to the nonsense Lew is spouting, the proper tax action for preventing inversions is to lower corporate income, and related, taxes so as to remove the incentive to go overseas in the first place. Lowering the current rate to 20% would be a good start, especially if done with a view to eliminating corporate income, and related, taxes altogether in just a couple more years.

I’ll ignore, for now, the New Nationalism, Teddy Roosevelt Progressivism in Lew’s letter.

Taxing False Premise, Second Round

In a recent Wall Street Journal op-ed, Senator Ron Wyden (D, OR), Senate Finance Committee Chairman, labored under the same false premise as the international collaboration effort.

While decrying the loss of US companies as they move overseas to avoid the US’ highest in the world corporate tax rate, he insisted

America’s tax base erodes at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue, increasing the burden on other companies and individuals. America also loses good jobs, talent, investment, and the ability to compete on a global stage.

Legal or not, this loophole must be plugged.

Once again: it isn’t possible for government to incur a “cost of hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue” when it isn’t government’s…revenue…in the first place. Certainly, government sees a reduction of “millions of dollars” from these moves, if we elide—as Wyden does—the dynamic effects of real tax reform.

However, the right answer isn’t Wyden’s, who demanded

Current law requires that US companies reincorporating overseas must ensure that at least 20% of their stock is owned by their new, foreign partner. As chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, I am committed to raising this floor to at least 50% for all inversions taking place from May 8, 2014, on.

This move is—how shall I put this delicately—brain-dead. Just as companies have found and are finding legal ways around existing tax law, and by the way, leaving profits earned overseas overseas due to our usurious corporate tax rates, they’ll find ways around Wyden’s 50% threshold, too. All Wyden will get out of this is feel-good and frustration, if he’s sincere in his effort, and open-ended political gain from his base if he’s not.

Wyden will not get anything material done regarding his concern for “increasing the burden on other companies and individuals.” Nor will he accomplish anything meaningful for his loss of “good jobs, talent, investment, and the ability to compete on a global stage.”

No, what’s needed is what is the first step in any recovery program: recognize and acknowledge that he has a problem. His notion that taxes are government’s money has to go, to be replaced by recognition that it’s our money, granted to government only for purposes that suit us, not that suit government.

The next step is to lower US corporate tax rates (eliminate corporate taxes altogether, say I, but a sharp reduction is a good early step), and then to make it easier (not harder) to partner with overseas companies (including in those companies’ taxing jurisdictions) and cheaper (free would be good) to repatriate profits earned overseas to the US.

Wyden thought he was addressing tax rates, too, in his op-ed.

A [lower] corporate tax rate that creates a favorable investment climate and reduces the incentive to game the system is critical to successful reform. … Where the rate ends up depends almost entirely on the American business community’s willingness to pitch in by closing loopholes.

There’s that false assumption that it’s the government’s money, again. This time it leads to the false conclusion that tax reform must, somehow, be revenue neutral. That may be useful politically, but it’s useless to true tax reform. There’s no need to “close loopholes” in return for lower tax rates. Loopholes need to be closed, certainly, but in order to reduce government social engineering through our tax code, not in order to preserve revenue that isn’t government’s to begin with. Of course, eliminating corporate taxes altogether would close all those loopholes….

Wyden wants global competition? Let other nations compete with us, beginning with lowering their business tax rates in their resulting newfound need to keep their companies from relocating to the US. With foreign talent coming here, while ours stays here. For good jobs in the US, for investment in the US.

Oh, and the lower tax rates also will decrease “the burden on other companies and individuals.”

There’s competition. It can come only from correcting that premise, though.

Taxing False Premise

The US is about to join an international tax collaboration scheme involving the People’s Republic of China, Australia, Japan, and Great Britain that’s designed to improve tax collections from multinational corporations. It’s also designed to increase government reach into private enterprises and government control over them.

Leave those last two design purposes aside, though.

Australia’s Commissioner of Taxation, Chris Jordan, said this about the scheme:

This collaboration has allowed us to better understand what is happening in our own countries and determine whether what is being represented in one country reflects what is being represented in another.

Fair enough. Nations of laws, as most of these participating nations are, should be able to enforce their tax laws, also, and the taxees ought not be telling conflicting stories to differing jurisdictions.

The Wall Street Journal at the above link cited “some estimates” as claiming that “the world’s governments lose US$3 trillion in tax revenue a year” to multinationals’ moves to adjust their own revenue collections to the most favorable tax jurisdictions.

And therein lies the false premise. In free countries—the US, Great Britain, Australia, and Japan in the present context—it’s not the government’s money; it’s the tax payers’ money, and they only allocate some of their money to their respective governments as tax payments. The governments aren’t losing a dime to legal tax payment minimization or avoidance schemes. It isn’t possible for them to lose what isn’t theirs in the first place.

Will We Get a Cut in our Gas Tax?

Now the Obama administration wants to let the states charge tolls for the use of the Interstate highway system. This is the system for which our road and fuel taxes have already paid; the states’ tax money is supposed to be for maintenance and repair of the system.

OK, fair enough. Those roads won’t repair themselves.

But we still pay those road and fuel taxes, and those funds are for maintenance and repair. This graph from the US Department of Energy, via the Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy‘s Fueling Transportation Finance: A Primer on the Gas Tax, gives a breakout of what went into the price of a gallon of gas as recently as 2002.ComponentsOfGasPrice

Federal taxes were 12% of the price, or about 44¢ per gallon here in north Texas (updated to 2014).

This graph, from the CBO via the same article, gives the 2001 breakout of Federal receipts for the highway trust fund.FederalHighwayTrustFundReceipts

Gasoline and diesel fuels—car and truck fuels—comprise the vast bulk of the receipts.

This 2007 table from the Federal highway administration updates those breakouts.

Table 4. – User Fee Structure.
Tax Type Tax Rate
Gasoline and gasohol 18.4 cents per gallon
Diesel 24.4 cents per gallon
Special Fuels:
General rate 18.4 cents per gallon
Liquefied petroleum gas 18.3 cents per gallon
Liquefied natural gas 24.3 cents per gallon
M85 (from natural gas) 9.25 cents per gallon
Compressed natural gas 18.3 cents per 126.67 cubic feet
Tires: (maximum rated load capacity)
0-3,500 pounds No Tax
Over 3,500 pounds 9.45 cents per each 10 pounds in excess of 3,500
Truck and Trailer Sales 12 percent of retailer’s sales price for tractors and trucks over 33,000 pounds gross vehicle weight (GVW) and trailers over 26,000 pounds GVW
Heavy Vehicle Use Annual tax: Trucks 55,000 pounds and over GVW, $100 plus $22 for each 1,000 pounds (or fraction thereof) in excess of 55,000 pounds (maximum tax of $550)

Notice in the table that taxes are broken out, also, by vehicle weight. Trucks with tire capacity over 3,500 pounds are the trucks that ship our goods over the highways.

Cars and trucks—including those shippers—comprise the vast bulk of the Interstate highway users. Guess who’ll pay the tolls. And who’ll pay higher prices for the goods we buy after they’ve been shipped to the stores we frequent.

Will we see compensatory reduction in our fuel taxes, which as noted above already exist in major part to pay for interstate highway maintenance?

Fat chance.